Critical Review Of Ovid s Aeneid And Aeneid - 1382 Words

Critical Review of Ovid’s and Virgil’s Aeneid The tale of the Aeneid tells the story of Aeneas and how he founds the Roman people. The most well known version of this story is Virgil’s Aeneid. The traditional interpretation of Virgil’s depiction of the hero and the myth is that it was used as propaganda for the new imperial system that the emperor Augustus had introduced. In contrast with this is the Harvard School interpretation, which states that Virgil’s Aeneid is actually undermining the Imperial system. Despite there being some evidence for this, Virgil’s illustration best fits under the traditional interpretation. In contrast with this is Ovid’s Little Aeneid found in his Metamorphoses. This essay will analyse these illustrations†¦show more content†¦Virgil’s portrayal of Aeneas can arguably be based off of Augustus. His characterisation and values he is shown to possess demonstrate that of an ideal Roman citizen; the value most referenced and recognisable in the text is his piety. This refers to his religiousness and his ability to put duty before his own wants and needs. An example of this is him leaving Dido (Virgil Aen, 4.393-394). This abandoning of Dido, although tragic, shows his pietas to the will of the gods, his followers and to his son Iulus. Although a modern view of this part of the story suggests Virgil is pitying Dido and the Carthaginians and presenting Aeneas as cold and unsympathetic, to the Romans of the time Aeneas is performing his duty to the future state. Also, the Roman’s prized moderation and self control therefore Dido’s reaction to Aeneas leaving would be seen as excessive and over-dramatic which would reinforce the idea of non-Romans being barbarians and also demonstrates Virgil’s propagandistic intentions. Virgil successfully uses the Dido affair to strengthen and develop this idea of piety. Ovid’s treatment of Dido and Aeneas is in stark contrast with Virgil’s. Where as Virgil has used it as a device to showcase Aeneas’ leadership and pietas to his people and gods, Ovid mentions it in passing while rushing through to other individual’s stories (Ovid, Met. 14.75). The two narratives of the story are very distinctive; Virgil

I Have a Dream Free Essays

choden â€Å"I have a dream â€Å"is one of the most important speech delivered by Martin Luther Jr. In the speech, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr expresses the realization of a dream of freedom and equality for all people. We will write a custom essay sample on I Have a Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this speech was to persuade people or give the public general knowledge about segregation . The speaker uses rhetorical strategy and different elements of literature to inform about the injustice being done to them and to point out the failure of unification between people. Dr king stated, â€Å"I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in History as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. † This is the first sentence that he delivers using syntax. The sentence is also a cumulative sentence because it supports the important idea that his speech will bring changes in the history. As the speech goes on , he uses extended metaphor such as , â€Å"cash a check† , â€Å"promissory note† , â€Å"fall heir† , â€Å"bad check† , â€Å"insufficient funds† , â€Å"bankrupt† , â€Å"riches of freedom â€Å" , â€Å"security of justice†. This extended metaphor is included in the passage reinforcing the whole idea of how black people are being separated. The bad check symbolizes the condition of the people. The promissory note might be the promise note for unification , riches of freedom only for white people , not black ; and security of justice only for white not for black people. Metaphor is also used in the sentence: â€Å"Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity†. The United States of America is described as a wealthy nation where a part of the nation is poor and starving because of segregation. The effect is to convey the message of what black people at that time were feeling because of separation and to talk to people indirectly through the words of literature and not to hurt any white people or government by delivering such a speech. In the speech, he mentions, â€Å"this note was a promise that all Black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†; this sentence clarifies the use of paradox because slavery and segregation did not give freedom to African Americans. Another literary device that composes this speech would be parallelisms and repetition. Like, â€Å"we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force† reflects the use of parallelism. The rights that weren’t provided to African Americans were the dreams that Dr. Luther wanted people to fight for in the speech emphasizing the sentence, â€Å"I have a dream†. The speaker uses a lot of Elements of language like diction, syntax, trope and schemes to make the speech memorable to people forever. The language that he includes archaic words that aren’t often used but it has its own vital role in the speech. In the speech, the use of trope is also been mentioned a lot. For example, the sentences that he uses like â€Å"not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred† uses metaphor. He compares the thirst of freedom and bitterness. He doesn’t want freedom given because of hatred but a freedom of happiness. Likewise the sentences, â€Å"We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality†, â€Å"little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers† uses simile . He combines white and black people to gather for equality. When he says , â€Å" I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colors of their skin but by the content of their character† creates appeal to pathos of sad feeling that he feels his children are being judged. The speaker also provides logos like â€Å"we can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating â€Å"for whites only†. This information shows how much the separation is being done that even small children of black people are being suffered by it. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr created an ethos that he wants the segregation to stop and wants all people should to live in harmony. He, himself had to suffer through all this and wanted to bring change. The speech uses a great rhetorical strategy because the connection between the speaker and the public shows reaction on the subject (segregation). How to cite I Have a Dream, Essay examples I Have a Dream Free Essays First Body Paragraph: Although Dry. Kings speech incorporated all sorts of arguments including equality, empowerment and freedom, Longboats Hughes’ poem focuses more on black empowerment. Acknowledging that Negroes were once Kings and Queens in Africa then reminding us that they were also enslaved to build the great pyramids. We will write a custom essay sample on I Have a Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hughes creates a relationship through the movement of African Americans throughout history. Specifically examining the incredible contributions African Americans have made not Just to the united States but to the world. Second Body Paragraph: While Longboats Hughes argued for empowerment and enrichment of culture and people, Dry. King demanded equality, freedom and respect. Dry. King refused to stand by and watch his people continue to be mistreated, unfairly Judged, disrespected and overlooked. He not only wrote a compelling argument but he delivered It on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The same Abraham Lincoln that Hughes refers to in his poem. â€Å"l heard the singing of Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and Eve seen its muddy blossom turn all gold in the sunset. Third Body Paragraph: Both of these incredibly successful Scholars helped to bring an end to the civil rights movement, passing new constitutional amendments. What I find so surprising is how they both made such an incredible impact with melodic forms of poetry according to the New York Times article written by: Machismo Skating â€Å"Dry. King pushed the text of his remarks to the side and began an extraordinary improvisation on the dream theme that would become one of the most recognizable refrains in the world. † Fourth Body Paragraph: With his Improvised riff, Dry. King took a leap Into history, Jumping from prose to poetry, from the podium to the pulpit. HIS voice arced Into an emotional crescendo as he turned from a sobering assessment of current social injustices to a radiant vision of hope -? of what America could be. Dry. King pushed the text of his remarks to the side and began an extraordinary improvisation on the dream theme that would become one of the most recognizable refrains in the world. † http://www. Anytime. Com/ 2013/08/28/us/the-lasting-power-of-dry-kings-dream-speech. HTML? How to cite I Have a Dream, Papers I Have a Dream Free Essays â€Å"I Have a Dream† August 28th, 1963 on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D. C. , Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on I Have a Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now preformed his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Perhaps amongst one of the most famous speeches in history, this speech is considered one of the most influential speeches of the 20th century. â€Å"I Have a Dream† has inspired millions of people and is still frequently quoted and cited nearly 50 years later. My goal in writing his paper is to evaluate King’s speech using the evaluation criteria. The four main criteria are: effects, truth, ethical and artistic. Each plays a very different role in assessing an essay and it’s adequacy. The purpose of the speech was to inspire Americans to believe that all individuals of all races should be treated equal, and that they would one day. King wanted people to stand with him and fight for their rights. The rhetoric situation was that King was delivering his speech during the â€Å"March on Washington,† where a protest was being held. Thousands and thousands travelled from all over the country to hear him speak. The rhetorical constraints of the speech were trying to adhere to those who opposed civil rights. The ones that King really had to reach out to were those who still believed that segregation should continue. This leads into the first criteria of evaluation, effects. Effects are whether or not the author, or in this case speaker, got the final outcome that they wanted to achieve. The final outcome that King was seeking by making his speech was for equal rights to be finalized, and that all men and women of all races would be free at last. In the first line of his speech King states â€Å"I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Implying that King had great homes for the outcome of his ever so famous speech, he not only wanted to inspire those in his audience but to make them as passionate about the issue as he was himself. The next portion of the effects criteria is â€Å"logical and/or emotional sense. † This examines whether or not the speech tries to capture the audienceâ₠¬â„¢s mind. In my opinion I think that the speech is more emotional rather than logical. King knew the anguish his listeners were feeling, and he used those feelings to fire his audience up. He wished to connect emotionally with them, share their pain and happiness. For example, he often uses the word â€Å"we† within his speech, letting the audience know that he stands beside them, rather than in front of them. The second criteria when doing an evaluation is truth. Truth in and of itself is pretty self-explanatory, it is whether or not the author/speaker is using facts rather than fiction. â€Å"I Have a Dream† is a very truthful speech. During the time that King wrote his speech equal rights still did not exist in many states and segregation was common most everywhere. He also touches upon the Emancipation Proclamation and how it led to the start of the civil rights movement, even though it was a century beforehand. On line two of King’s speech he states, â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. † The Emancipation Proclamation was undeniably the starting point for equal rights, freeing all slaves from their owners. King also uses the Constitution as a historical reference, to note that all men were supposed to be guaranteed certain rights. At the time of the speech, a lot of those rights were still not given to many citizens. The third criteria in evaluation is ethical, this implies that the speech is socially responsible and not corruptive. This speech is fairly ethical, because King does not make any outrageous allegations against those who had done wrong and the rally held during the speech was very peaceful. But for the effect it had on society, it was remarkable. That August day King and 250,000 others marched peacefully in Washington. The following day the New York Times wrote about the speech, â€Å"They had found an effective way to demonstrate for changes in the laws without breaking the laws themselves† (Reston, 1963). There was also another article entitled 200,000 March for Civil Right in Orderly Washington Rally; President Sees Gain for Negro. The article stated â€Å"it was the greatest assembly for a redress of grievances that this capital has ever seen†¦There was no violence to mar the demonstration. In fact, at times there was an air of hootenanny about it as groups of schoolchildren clapped hands and swung into the familiar freedom songs† (Kensworthy, 1963). This just goes to show how non-violent King’s followers actually were. King wished to send positive messages to his audience and encourage them to act civilly rather than aggressively to achieve their goal. The final criteria for evaluation is artistic, which judges the words used and the delivery of the speech are important. The speech is very artistically put together. King paints vivid pictures with his words and emotions. One line six he states, â€Å"Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path or racial justice. † His use of descriptive words makes his speech more persuasive and appealing to the audience. His use of the phrase, â€Å"I have a dream† is consistently used throughout the speech. This makes the speech flow together in harmony. A great writing technique seen throughout his speech is a metaphor, in line six for example, â€Å"Instead of honoring his sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked ‘insufficient funds. ’† King is not actually speaking of a bank account, but instead is using it as a metaphor for how African Americans were promised these rights but were never given them. King uses many different writing techniques to help to create and maintain drama throughout the speech. The speech definitely applied some criteria stronger than others. I believe that King uses artistic and ethical criteria the strongest throughout his speech. The way in which his speech flows together and uses powerful descriptive words are characteristics of the strong artistic values of his speech. However I think the truth aspect of his speech could have been stronger. Although he did not use any false information, it would have been better to use more references throughout his speech, the only things he really quoted are the Emancipation Proclamation and the Constitution. On line ten he states, â€Å"We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. † The second part of the statement may be true, but African American males had been able to vote since 1870, almost a century before this speech, he could have been trying to use a metaphor, regardless, it was not truthful. He also dramatized many things, such as on line three when he states â€Å"But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. Technically speaking, they were free by constitutional rights, but did not entertain the same rights as Caucasians at this time. Dramatization may be great tools in some speeches, but it may seem un-honest to those audience members who did not understand metaphors or other writing strategies. Overall, I think that the speech met all the criteria in most ways. I evaluated the speech based on how I felt it fit the four main points of ethicality, truthfulness, effect s, and artistic value. The speech has been an American staple since the day King gave it, nearly 50 years ago. King did a great job in standing up for what he believed in and accomplished his goal of civil rights for every man and woman, regardless of color in the United States. Works Cited Kensworthy, E. W. (1963, August 29). â€Å"200,000 March for Civil Rights in Orderly Washington Rally; President Sees Gain for Negro. † New York Times. King Jr. , M. L. (1963, August 28). I Have A Dream. Conducted from The Lincoln Memorial, Washington D. C. Reston, J. (1963, August 29). â€Å"I Have A Dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Peroration By Dr. King Sums up A Day The Capital Will Remember. New York Times. How to cite I Have a Dream, Papers

Human Anatomy and Physiology for Beauty and Complementary Therapists Example For Students

Human Anatomy and Physiology for Beauty and Complementary Therapists Human Anatomy A ; Physiology for Beauty and Complementary Therapists Analyzing And Describing The Effectss of Swedish Body Massage On The Major Systems Of The Body Contentss Introduction The Aims of Swedish Body Massage and the Body Systems Involved The Effects Swedish Body Massage Has on the Body Systems Lymphatic System Urinary System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Muscular System Skeletal System The Benefits of Swedish Body Massage on the Body Decision Bibliography Outline1 Introduction2 The Aims of Swedish Body Massage and the Body Systems Involved3 The Effects Swedish Body Massage Has on the Body Systems4 Lymphatic System5 Urinary System6 Cardiovascular System7 Respiratory System8 Muscular System9 Skeletal System10 The Benefits of Swedish Body Massage on the Body11 Decision12 Bibliography Introduction My Name is Sheryn McDermott and I am analyzing HNC Beauty Therapy at Forth Valley College. As portion of my Human Anatomy A ; Physiology for Beauty and Complementary Therapists units, I am required to compose a study where I must analyze and depict the effects of a selected therapy on the major systems of the organic structure. In the study I must: Research and depict the purpose of a selected therapy on one or more systems of the organic structure Research and discourse the grounds that explains the consequence of your chosen therapy on the construction or map of the organic structure systems Research the benefits of my chosen therapy on the organic structure and Discuss any grounds available The appraisal must be presented as a study and have no less than 1500 words and no more than 2000 which I will include a word count. I must cite utilizing the Harvard referencing system and citation at least 5 different mentions. The study must be in my ain words and I must utilize grounds based research to back up my treatment. Any diagrams I use will hold a rubric and be clearly labelled. The therapy that I have chosen to make my study on is Swedish Body Massage. The Aims of Swedish Body Massage and the Body Systems Involved The purposes of Swedish organic structure massage can differ from individual to individual depending on what they want to acquire from it. A client could desire to loosen up, cut down emotional and physical emphasis, relieve tenseness and achings, increase their well-being, experience invigorated, detox, increase circulation and better assorted organic structure maps. There are so many things that organic structure massage can make and as a healer, it is my responsibility to cognize the effects that the massage will hold on the organic structure and how I will be able to accomplish the clients purposes. As a healer my purposes could be to: Increase blood circulation and better map Increase lymphatic drainage and better map Lower blood force per unit area Relieve tenseness in musculuss, loosen uping them and better their status Improve tegument status Stimulate or loosen up the nervous system Help cut down adipose tissue Keep articulations supple Aid digestion Massage affects all the organic structure systems in a positive manner ( for those who are non contra-indicated ) . Some of the major systems affected are the: Urinary system Lymphatic system Cardiovascular system Muscular system Skeletal system Respiratory system The Effects Swedish Body Massage Has on the Body Systems Lymphatic System As healers massage in the same way as the lymph flow, towards the nearest lymph node, the velocity of the lymphatic flow is increased due to the force of the custodies. The force per unit area that is applied during massage helps with reassigning fluids from the tissue, into the lymphatic vass which will run out the fluid off more rapidly. This helps to forestall or cut down hydrops in the tissues Interstitial fluid contains waste merchandises from cells, these waste merchandises are diffused through lymphatic vas walls during massage and this allows the organic structure to take waste merchandises quicker. Pathogens and bugs can be found in the blood, which the lymphatic system filters and cleans to destruct them. Massage can increase the efficiency of the lymph nodes and spleen which can increase the body’s immune system. ( Jane Hiscock, 2010 ) wrote: ‘Biochemical healing takes topographic point non merely by relieving anxiousness but besides exciting the production of antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin, so heightening the immune system.’ Inspector Goole Essay Summary Image 8 Skeletal System The Benefits of Swedish Body Massage on the Body There are infinite benefits of having massage that will profit the organic structure straight and indirectly. Skin is moisturised, nourished and desquamated, marking can be reduced due to the increased stimulation and blood flow which will increase the skin status overall. Greasy secretory organs are stimulated leting the tegument to go more greased and supple. Muscles fibers can loosen up to extinguish sets of tenseness. Muscle tone and public presentation is improved and hurting and tenseness relieved. Allows weakened musculuss to be more readily used after a period of neglect. Relieves tenseness concerns. Lymph is stimulated promoting a healthier immune system and remotion of waste and toxins. Oedema in countries can be reduced supplying there is no contra-indicated medical status. Depending on the type of massage, the nervous system can be relaxed or stimulated. Circulation is improved which increases the blood flow to all parts of the organic structure conveying foods and O and taking waste. This promotes mending and the regeneration of cells. Blood force per unit area and bosom rate is slowed down during a restful massage and if done on a regular basis, has a cumulative consequence to profit clients with blood force per unit area jobs. Increased urinary end product will assist to acquire rid of toxins in the organic structure that have been released during massage and is great as portion of a detox. Peoples with stiff articulations or low scope of mobility will profit from massage in and around the articulations to alleviate any adhesions and increase the mobility of the joint. Massage over the abdominal country can assist help digestion by promoting vermiculation and speeds up the digestive procedure. Massage can assist those with irregularity. Adipose tissue could be affected as the tissue is warmed which accelerates the chemical activity needed to scatter the fat. The force per unit area used softens the fat which allows it to be more easy absorbed. Respiratory piece of land can profit as it will go relaxed, allows mucous secretion to be dispersed and dislodged and increases the gaseous exchange which allows more O into the organic structure and more C dioxide to go forth. Breathing decently can assist forestall lung infections, promote good position and AIDSs relaxation. There are many psychological benefits to rub down excessively. The client can loosen up, leting the head to go still and unagitated. Emotional emphasis can be dispersed or even bury about during massage and a general wellbeing can be achieved. Self-esteem, slumber forms and concentration can be improved. Decision During this study and unit I have learned in-depth cognition about the human anatomy and some of the major organic structure systems. I researched how Swedish Body Massage would impact these organic structure systems and I am now confident in my cognition of the effects and benefits on the organic structure. I will be able to utilize this cognition to my advantage when I am handling clients, enabling me to rede them on how massage could profit them and guarantee the intervention reaches their aims. I feel it is of import to cognize precisely how the motions, techniques and uses used during massage will impact the organic structure. Bibliography Audry Githa Goldberg, L. M. ( 1996 ) .Body Massage For The Beauty Therapist( 3rd ed. ) . Cornwall: Elsevier. Jane Hiscock, E. S. ( 2010 ) .Beauty therapy Level 3( 2nd ed. ) . Barcelona, Spain: Pearson Education Limited. OKeefe, A. ( 2006 ) .The Official Guide to Body Massage( 2nd ed. ) . London: Thomson Learning. Rosser, M. ( 2012 ) .Body Massage( 3rd ed. ) . Italy: Hodder Education. Front Cover freelancemd.com Image 1 beautyescape.co.uk Image 2 greathealthbydesign.com Image 3 lucindacareswell.co.uk Image 4 thiswaytohealth.com Image 5 simple-health-secrets.com Image 6 chss.org.uk Image 7 woodgrovesec.moe.edu.sg Image 8 cnx.org Image 9 sourcemassage.co.uk Word Count 1881

Red and Mark Rothko Essay Example

Red and Mark Rothko Paper Roger Kimball’s essay â€Å"Inventing Mark Rothko† begins simply with a quote from Hamlet in which the Queen responds to Hamlet’s inquiry â€Å"Do you see nothing here? † by saying â€Å"Nothing at all; yet all that is I see† (Kimball 55). This enigmatic quote very succinctly sums up the enigma that is Mark Rothko, a Russia-American representative painter of New York School from 1950s to 1960s. Rothko’s signature style is distinctive combination of â€Å"abstractness, simplicity, and sensuous color† (Kimball 59) and misty rectangular fields of color and light. Although many critics, like Harold Rosenberg, disagree, Rothko fought the idea that his works were abstract for the entirety of his artistic career. To reference the quote from Hamlet, what did Rothko see in his art? What was his intention? Are these questions possible to answer? Using John Logan’s play Red as well as Rothko’s own essays on art and aesthetics, both a picture of Rothko’s vision and a rationalization of his insistence that his art is realism are possible to create and it is apparent that Rothko intended a separation between the art and the viewer and for the art to exist as an independent entity separate from human emotion that places art in the realm of abstraction. Yet in the documentary film Rothkos Rooms, ironically, Rothko also envisioned his art causing â€Å"the same religious experience as I had when I painted them† (Rooms). We will write a custom essay sample on Red and Mark Rothko specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Red and Mark Rothko specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Red and Mark Rothko specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It seems that, according to Rothko himself, what a viewer sees in a painting or what emotions the painting evokes has no bearing on the painting itself. These emotions within the admirer of art are often placed upon the art itself as a way to define the art. However, Rothko might argue that one is not able to define his paintings any more than one might be able to objectively define a human being (Rothko 63). The art itself is the evoker of emotions not the other way around. Rothko seems to have argued that his art has a specific, concrete meaning, which can be explained by the similarity between admiring the beauty of a woman and the beauty of a painting. Rothko wrote that the problem with speaking of art qualitatively—for instance giving a painting the quality â€Å"beautiful†Ã¢â‚¬â€creates a category for beauty itself to exist (Rothko 62). However, Kimball argues that beauty, like the concepts of â€Å"truth† and â€Å"morality† is an abstraction itself because these terms are â€Å"apart from concrete existence† (Kimball 60). He also argues that Rothko’s classic paintings are immediate (Kimball 60) because their meanings are concrete—they are purposed. Rothko’s paintings, Rothko himself might argue, exist with the force of human existence. In the Scene 4 of John Logan’s play the Red, Rothko yells at his assistant Ken, â€Å"you know the problem with those painters? It’s exactly what you said. They are painting for this moment right now. And that’s all. It’s nothing but zeitgeist art† (Logan 33). This representation of Rothko shows how Rothko himself might have differentiated his own art from the art of painters like Andy Warhol. Based on Rothko’s essay The Artists Dilemma and this quote from Logan’s play, Rothko would have argued that paintings like those of Warhol’s are the real abstractions because they are based on a particular moment in time. An individual moment, alienated from the whole history of time, is truly apart from concrete existence. Existence is more the totality of time, space, and history and Rothkos paintings are, as he seems to have suggested, as purposed as any living creature. In â€Å"The De-definition of Art† by Harold Rosenberg, he argues against this idea, saying that â€Å"[Rothko’s] were the first ‘empty’ paintings by an American to make an impact on the public, perhaps because his emotionally charged reds, blues, browns, black-greens succeeded in stirring up feelings—awe, anguish, release—too deeply buried to be brought to the surface by visual metaphors† (Rosenberg 105). With this definition, Rosenberg argues that the viewer and the painting itself are interconnected and the painting can hold no objective existence independent of the viewer. When the audience views the painting and experiences these emotions, it attaches these emotions to the painting. However, Rothko argued that to speak of art in this way—qualitatively—is to give these emotions themselves an independent existence (Rothko 62). Rosenberg called Rothko’s style an â€Å"all-embracing symbolic format† (Rosenberg 107). Rosenberg essentially equated Rothko’s paintings with a literary metaphor in which one thing—a painting in this instance—stands for something wholly different, acting as a symbol. Most dictionaries agree on the definition of the word â€Å"symbol† as a physical object that stands for an abstraction or a sign with some specific meaning. Rosenberg’s terminology may then not be totally off kilter. Does not Rothko himself argue that paintings often evoke particular abstract feelings in the admirer? In this way, are not paintings like symbols, standing in as physical objects for abstract emotions? —not exactly. To view art in this way is to say that the artist intended for an artwork to be symbolic of, let’s say, the sublime. Yet, the viewers, experiencing a piece for the first time, come naked in their emotions as a child experiencing the world for the first time. Whatever emotions the viewer might feel are a product of their own mind rather than a product of the art itself. This is where Rosenberg is most incorrect and where he diverges from Rothko’s apology of his art.

Free Essays on Indian Givers

Question #4: Discuss the Native American contributions to the medical field. The Native Americans contributed enormously towards today’s medical field. Cures for today’s diseases have been traced as far back as to the Indians of America, yet still time after time, we have failed to recognize such achievements. For example, The Aztecs were probably the most advanced in understanding the human anatomy of any society in the world of the 16th century. Such knowledge came from human sacrifices they performed. They understood the role of the heart and blood circulation long before the new world. The doctors created a vocabulary then that now identifies almost all of the organs that the science of anatomy recognized today. Again, at the time The Aztecs were either parallel in regards to European organizations of the medicine or for the most part, surpassed them. For example, up till today there is no steel scalpel that has been made that cuts sharper than the obsidian implements of the Aztec surgeons. In fact, only today’s laser beam can cut a finer incision with less bleeding and less scarification. A second example of the instruments used by The Aztecs is bulbed syringe and rubber hoses that they used to give enemas with. The European doctors adopted both styles and continue to use them today. Even back then, Indian surgeons amputated limbs, prescribed artificial legs, and removed teeth such as today’s doctors perform. Malaria ravages more people than any other disease in many areas of the world. For most of human history, no effective cure or preventive existed for this disease. Europeans brought the disease to America and the Indians. When this occurred, the Indians rapidly found that one of their traditional medicines, Peruvian bark, presented relief from malaria. The bark contained quinine, which is the active ingredient in chloroquine. This introduction of quinine marked the beginning of modern pharmacology. ... Free Essays on Indian Givers Free Essays on Indian Givers Question #4: Discuss the Native American contributions to the medical field. The Native Americans contributed enormously towards today’s medical field. Cures for today’s diseases have been traced as far back as to the Indians of America, yet still time after time, we have failed to recognize such achievements. For example, The Aztecs were probably the most advanced in understanding the human anatomy of any society in the world of the 16th century. Such knowledge came from human sacrifices they performed. They understood the role of the heart and blood circulation long before the new world. The doctors created a vocabulary then that now identifies almost all of the organs that the science of anatomy recognized today. Again, at the time The Aztecs were either parallel in regards to European organizations of the medicine or for the most part, surpassed them. For example, up till today there is no steel scalpel that has been made that cuts sharper than the obsidian implements of the Aztec surgeons. In fact, only today’s laser beam can cut a finer incision with less bleeding and less scarification. A second example of the instruments used by The Aztecs is bulbed syringe and rubber hoses that they used to give enemas with. The European doctors adopted both styles and continue to use them today. Even back then, Indian surgeons amputated limbs, prescribed artificial legs, and removed teeth such as today’s doctors perform. Malaria ravages more people than any other disease in many areas of the world. For most of human history, no effective cure or preventive existed for this disease. Europeans brought the disease to America and the Indians. When this occurred, the Indians rapidly found that one of their traditional medicines, Peruvian bark, presented relief from malaria. The bark contained quinine, which is the active ingredient in chloroquine. This introduction of quinine marked the beginning of modern pharmacology. ...

Engage Students with Songs to Teach Metaphor and Simile

Engage Students with Songs to Teach Metaphor and Simile One way to engage students in the study of figurative language-specifically similes and metaphors- is to use examples from the songs they like. Teachers in grades 7-12 can point out how the  metaphors and similes in song lyrics allow  songwriters to communicate their innermost feelings. The metaphors and similes in songs help students to visualize comparisons that are  purposefully placed to convey attitude- Sad? Tears of a Clown. Happy? Walking on Sunshine. Dependable? Solid like a Rock.   If a teacher wants to teach similes and call attention to the  characteristic comparison word like, there is probably nothing more iconic then the song Like a Rolling Stone, the 1965  folk rock anthem by Nobel  laureate Bob Dylan. A more contemporary song example is   Let It Go from the Disney film Frozen where the Princess Elsa (voiced by  Idina Menzel) laments that The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside. Teachers can show how the songwriters chose similes to help listeners visualize the emotions of the singer, and both of these examples  use the word like in their poetic comparisons. For the explicit instruction of metaphors, there is  the 2015 country music hit by Keith Urban titled  John Cougar,  John Deere,  John 3:16  Ã‚  that  begins with a series of rapid-fire metaphors: Im a forty-five spinning on an old Victrola;  Im a two strike swinger, Im a Pepsi cola... There is also the classic rock and roll hit  Hound Dog, covered by Elvis Presley (1956) with its unflattering comparison to someone who is crying all the time... Here the metaphors are comparisons are direct but unusual: a singer to a record, a friend to a dog. These metaphors help the listener better understand the relationships in the songs. Caution: PG Language Only: While teachers can engage students by having them find similes and metaphors in the music they enjoy, the sharing of these songs in school must include high degrees of caution. There are several song lyrics that are explicit in their use of improper language, vulgarity, or profanity. There are also song lyrics that intentionally use metaphors and similes as coded language to send an implicit message that could be inappropriate for a middle school or high school class. If students will be allowed to share songs and lyrics in class, they must be prepared to share only those verses that are appropriate for use in class. In other words, PG lyrics only!   Here are two linked articles with songs that are already previewed for use in class that can be used to provide additional examples of both similes and metaphors in songs. Several of these song lyrics have already been analyzed to help teach about these key figures of speech: Article #1:Songs With Metaphors This article features 13 songs that can be used as models  for mini-lessons. The examples of metaphors in the lyrics are already analyzed for use in class. Songs include: ​Cant Stop the Feeling- by Justin TimberlakeH.O.L.Y. -Florida Georgia Line​Im Already There,  by LonestarThis is What You Came For -Rhianna Article #2:Songs With Similes This article features eight songs that can be used as models   or mini-lessons. The examples of similes in the lyrics are already analyzed for use in class. Songs include: Just Like Fire  -PinkStiches by  Shawn MendesExs Ohs by Elle King Common Core Connection Teachers still meet the literacy anchor standard in the Common Core for  English Language Arts when they use   song lyrics to address metaphors and similes: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.4Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. Finally, using song lyrics is one way teachers can move away from the worksheet and show students the importance of metaphors and similes in their everyday lives. Research on motivating students also suggests that when students are given the opportunity to make a choice, their level of engagement increases. Increasing student engagement through choice and allowing them to  share how  songwriters from every musical genre use similes and metaphors may give students the practice they need to become  proficient in interpreting and analyzing figurative language in other kinds of texts.

Evidence Based Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence Based Practice - Coursework Example The implication is that evidence-based practice requires the clinicians to stay in touch with modest research literature and also use the information in their informed clinical decision-making processes. Moreover, EBP entails weighing values of the research evidence in relation to the clinical data and also taking into consideration the client’s informed consent. The bottom line is that clinicians should to identify what the literature recommends as the best practices and also sharing the knowledge with patients. During an emergency situation, evidenced based practice may be implemented in case a clinician has new information on how to manage and handle the health condition. Therefore, the staff plays a significant role in linking the clinical practice to the changes in the clinical research. In fact, emergency settings require more of evidence-based practice since research always bring new methods and strategies of handling health care situations and they might be even more effective than the traditional methods. According to Melnyk and Overholt (2014), clinicians engage in evidence-based practice in emergency setting when assessing wounds, injuries or other medical conditions that might require a high level of clinical

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Management - Essay Example So what challenges do international firms face in a global marketplace? What is the nature, and role of INRP that impact international businesses? This essay explores the diverse elements of INRP in terms of the political, economic, cultural, ethical, and social environment prevalent in different countries; and analyses their impact on businesses with examples drawn from different countries, and trade. This paper concludes with a concise summary of the emerging global challenges to international trade, and business imperatives to overcome them. Globalization has wide encompassing connotations. Whilst the economic integration of businesses has rapidly grown, the political, social, and cultural interfaces across the borders continue to pose challenges to international trade. With maturing economy, institutional transformations become inevitable. In the nascent or emerging phases, economies are often unpredictable and volatile (Meyer, 2001, pp. 357-367). Managing investment and capital in such a market without an understanding of the economic regulations, and trade practices, could turn nightmarish. Scott (2002) categorized the governing institutions as â€Å"regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive.† Formal institutions are often characterized by rules, policies, and enforcement laws. Informal institutions on the other hand, are woven around norms, values, and mental models peculiar to a particular geographic region, or country (North, 1994). Such classifications are often useful in international business management for purposes of market analyses. Five decades ago, Hall (1960, pp. 87-96) enunciated five factors that affect bonding of global businesses, which are relevant even in modern day times. Brief interpretations from Hall’s article in the Harvard Business review are summarised below:- Nuances of time: Time has its own silent interpretations across national boundaries. For instance, a delay

The Nature of Evil Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Evil Essay 1: That which is morally bad or wrong, or that which causes harm, pain, or misery. 2: A force that is believed to cause wicked or bad things to happen. 3 A very unpleasant or harmful situation or activity. The existence of evil has been puzzling philosophers and leaders of all major religions for hundreds of years. The problem of evil is particularly challenging because Christianity was committed to the existence of a God that controls everything but at the same time acknowledged the real existence of evil. Some religions have tried to deal with the problem of evil by saying that it doesnt exist. In Hindu teaching evil is said to have no real existence instead being dismissed as phenomena. William Golding wrote The Lord of the Flies just after the Second World War, having witnessed the evil of this war he lost the belief that humans have an innocent nature; even children he learned are essentially evil. The Lord of the Flies challenges readers to attempt to develop their own views about the existence of evil in the human race. I found this quite challenging and after much deliberation it is my opinion that evil is within every human being because we all have the potential to be evil and that it is only laws and the threat of punishment that keeps people from behaving in an evil manner. This I why Roger in The Lord of the Flies acts the way he does. My theory that evil is within every human is also expressed in The Lord of the Flies through symbolism. I think that The Beast symbolises the evil that resides within man. I think that the children on the island were all aware that there is a beast on the island, but they thought that it was an actual living thing and didnt realise that it lies within them and that it is in their soul and mind leading them to chaos because of a society with no adults. Only Simon understands what the beast really is, but he is killed when he tries to tell the boys about the beast. Many people believe that Simon from The Lord of the Flies was mad and it is very hard to determine the difference between madness and evil. I dont think that Simon is mad at all; in fact he seems to me the most sane and logical of all the boys on the island. He is the one who tries to show the boys that there is no beast on the island and that the beast is actually the boys themselves. The theme of madness is explored in William Poes novel The Tell Tale Heart. The Tell Tale Heart is a story of domestic violence and it is hard to understand why it ends in the killing of a man. I think that it may have been caused by the narrators fear of the old mans eye; the narrator describes this eye as being pale blue with a film over it, and resembling that of a vulture. Because it is a short story we do not know why the narrator is so scared of the eye, but it is my belief that he is not actually fearful of the eye, and that he has pretended that he is frightened of it to justify the killing. I think this because the syntax suggests that the narrator has only just thought of the eye as a justification for the killing of the old man. for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his evil eye I think that the killing of the old man was evil but the narrator himself is not evil. I dont think that the narrator is evil because although to me and many people it is implausible that a man would kill another man just because of the way his eye looks but to other people this may seem quite plausible. What may drive one person to kill is very different to what will drive another person to kill. I think that Roger from The Lord of the Flies is a sadist who enjoys in hurting and causing pain. This is obvious from very early on in the novel where he knocks over the littluns sand castles and throws stones at them. Even before this I was quite weary of Roger after Goldings description of him. a slight, furtive boy whom no one knew, who kept to himself with an inner intensity of avoidance and secrecy the shock of black hair, down his nape and low on his forehead, seemed to suit his gloomy face and made what had seemed at first an unsociable remoteness into something forbidding. In the end it is Roger who pushes the boulder that kills Piggy. He joins Jacks anarchist group and becomes Jacks right-hand man. In The Lord of the Flies I believe that Jack is the leader of anarchy on the island. From the start of the novel he does not like abiding by rules of any kind. He simply wants to hunt and have a good time. Not seeming to care about being rescued, Jack and his tribe are examples of how without order and discipline we would all turn into savages. However Jacks form of anarchism is at odds with how anarchism is defined in the dictionary where it is said to be the political theory that is opposed to all forms of government. Anarchists believe that the highest attainment of humanity is the freedom of individuals to express themselves, unhindered by any form of repression or control from without. They hold that the perfection of humanity will not be attained until all government is abolished and each individual is left absolutely free. Jack is an anarchist in the sense that he tries to abolish Ralphs form of government, but he then tries to control how other people think and behave by setting up his own tribe. In many ways Jacks tribe is a lot like Adolf Hitlers fascist government in Germany. The way Jack persuaded the boys on the island to join him are very similar to the way that Hitler got people to join the Nazi Party. Like Hitler, Jack was an alternative to democratic policy (Ralphs government) and promised the boys a fun time. Also one of the main appeals of the Nazi Party was their organised appearance with their marches and uniforms. I think that this was also one of Jacks appeals, for example, when Jack and his tribe applied war paint the other boys were in awe of them and wanted to join them. By making these comparisons I think that William Golding was showing how extreme political views such as fascism may work in the short term and may be fun but that it is democracy that achieves the greatest results. In the beginning of the novel Jack, still conditioned by the previous society he had been a part of; could not bear to kill a pig. As the plot progresses he becomes less and less attached to what goes on in the civilised world and he subsequently becomes more extreme. Near the end, he feels no shame about the deaths of Simon and Piggy, or his attempt to kill Ralph and he gets his wish as his anarchy defeats Ralphs order. I think that the novel shows the reader how easy it is to revert back to the evil nature that is within every man when not living in a civilised environment with rules and discipline.

Differences Between Bureaucrats And Aristocrats In Government :: essays research papers

Bureaucrats and aristocrats, the former evident in the government in the Tang dynasty (617-907) and the ladder pronoun in the government of Heian Japan. Both are different in many different aspects, such as within government, government structure, law, economy, and society.A bureaucrat can be defined by the following: an appointed government official with certain duties and responsibilities defined by disposition in the bureaucracy. A bureaucrat is more dependent on the government than an aristocrat because official power comes from official appointment through the bureaucracy (Class Lecture, Oct. 16, 97). Bureaucracy first replaced aristocracy in the Tang dynasty, under the rule of Empress Wu (625?-706?, r.690-706) bureaucracy was expanded by furthering expansion policies and supporting the examination system. Positions in government were filled through the examination system, and people who passed were called the literati. When one held this title of literati, you were considered intelligent and were considered to have high status (TA session, Oct. 28, 97). "They were a group of smart guys with a good education." (Steve, TA session, Oct. 28, 97). This of course deprived the hereditary aristocracy of power 'they had enjoyed during the period of division, when appointments had been made by recommendation, and opened government service to a somewhat wider class of people...' (Schirokauer, p.103). For the first time, men who entered office through examination could attain the highest office, even that of Chief Minister. Examination graduates earned (earn being the operative word) prestige, and even though officials still entered government by other means such as family connections, at the same time the literati and thus the bureaucrats were gaining authority, jurisdiction, and power. And thus, one could see this shifting of supremacy from the aristocracy to the bureaucracy.Government in the Tang dynasty was regulated by the Tang legal codes, a system of laws written by legalists which consisted of a system of rewards and severe punishments (TA session, Oct. 28, 97). These legal codes were administrative: reporting what the state could do and what the subjects could not do. This is an important point in that, this showed the subjects possessed little power, the Tang legal codes are the opposite of any laws of present day, these legal codes protected the government and not the people. Government needed the subjects only to provide for taxes (revenue), labour (grain) and military (soldiers) reasons. 'A dead subject was not as useful as a living subject.

Management and Steel Industry Essay

1. List and elaborate some strategic issues facing NUCOR. Key strategic issues challenging NUCOR include legislation related to climate change, fluctuating cost and supply of iron ore and scrap steel, increasing amount of steel imports, production technology improvements and economic weakness. Changes in legislation could have severe impacts on the firm’s numerous production facilities and could be costly to become compliant. The fluctuations in both the cost and supply of iron ore and scrap steel directly impact the firm’s profitability because it is difficult to pass those costs on to the customers due to the price-driven level of competition in the steel industry. The rise of low cost steel imports increases the domestic U.S. supply which puts pressure on NUCOR. The firm must stay at the front of technological advances for the production and processing of steel in order to stay competitive. Common for many firms and industries, economic weakness is an issue that challenges NUCOR’s strategy because it can impact the demand for its reputable high quality steel products. 2. What are the key elements of NUCOR’s low cost strategy? What factors have helped NUCOR achieve a low cost position? Key strategy elements for NUCOR: Conservative financial strength Team-based culture and decentralized operations Vertical integration Diversification Innovation – information technology, speed of design process Close proximity to important customers Financially stable employees – higher than average wages and non-discretionary incentive programs Employee empowerment Honesty and openness within the company No employee lay-offs Factors that have contributed to NUCOR’s low cost position: Strong, long-term relationships with outside parties for services such as research and development, purchasing recommendations, advertising, public relations, and  legal or environmental regulation compliance Stepping away from the steel industry’s tradition of equalized freight and offering all customers the sales terms of price plus actual shipping costs Not offering customers volume discounts Fleet of nearly 150 trucks for product delivery Vertical integration from joist manufacturing into steel production Steel production utilizing mini-mill technology Holding workstations responsible for identifying bottlenecks to increase efficiency Sophisticated computer program is used to compute accurate bids Improvements in the melting and casting processes for steel production including â€Å"continuous casters† Flat organizational hierarchy 3. Please apply Porter’s Five Forces model to the steel industry. While doing so, clearly identify who is behind each force and what the impact is of each force on the profitability of the industry (high/medium/low). At the end, also provide a summary of all the five forces and propose whether you think the steel industry is attractive or not. The bargaining power of buyers is high due to minimal product differentiation, low switching costs, excess capacity of steel production and large volume purchases. The threat of substitutes is medium because substitutes such as aluminum and plastic would not provide equivalent strength and durability but could still serve the same purpose as steel. The bargaining power of suppliers is low primarily due to the product being a commodity, high ratio of imported raw materials, and low switching costs. The threat of new entrants is low due to the trend toward consolidation and high amount of capital required to establish production/processing facilities capable of achieving economies of scale. Rivalry is intense because the steel industry is mature with little differentiation among products and mergers both in the U.S. and across the globe creating giant companies with deep pockets. Generally speaking, I think the steel industry is unattractive primarily due to its maturity, significant capital requirements and intense price-based competition that ultimately lead to low profitability. 4. What are NUCOR’s resources and capabilities? Resources: Team-based organizational culture Alliances with outside parties for support services Joint ventures with Physical locations of plants in proximity to key customers Loyal employees comprised of production workers, department heads, support and administrative staff, and senior management Innovative mini-mill technology Own fleet of nearly 150 trucks for distribution Computer program to generate bids Plants, mills, equipment, and machinery Reputation Financial capital Capabilities: Management’s philosophy and leadership skills Successful quality control process Flat organizational hierarchy and incentive program that keeps the workforce cooperative and productive Acquisition management Multidivisional coordination Speed of design process 5. Elaborate on some of the key lessons you have learnt from the case analysis. The most significant lesson I learned from this case analysis is that management style and culture can be key to being competitive. These really are the two things that will give NUCOR sustainable competitive advantage  because they are the most difficult to find and imitate. Building such an impressive employee loyalty takes time and cannot be replicated easily. In addition, the minimization of the corporate bureaucracy is something that makes employees at all levels feel comfortable and as if they are part of a family. I think there are many companies, including the one I work for that could really benefit from adopting this management style.

Learning Analysis

I wanted to apply for a job maintaining databases; however, the company I was applying for used a different program which I needed to learn before being considered for the application. Although I had no assurance of being hired, I bought the program and the book and resolved to learn the program on my own. Whether I get the job or not, I have learned something new to add to my rà ©sumà ©. In my Human Resources Management class, we were taught that the best way to gather information about the prospective applicant is to look at their rà ©sumà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s and that it is often the most used preselection tool. A rà ©sumà © that is complete and presents current information about one’s qualifications and skills will get the most points during selection (Newell & Scarborough, 2002). Moreover, it is also important that when a skill or expertise is listed on a rà ©sumà © it is actually verifiable and that one could demonstrate it if needed.This meant that if I really wanted that job, I should be able to master this program or be able to work with it before I submit that application letter. I approached the task with a sense of urgency since the deadline for the application was in a week. I recalled that in the recruitment process, it is important to have a time frame of the recruitment activities as sometimes the need for an applicant to the position is immediate (Newell & Scarborough, 2002), since the time frame for the application process was in a week, I figured the company must really be in a hurry to fill the job vacancy.A vacancy in the company can be brought about by external turnovers, where the employee voluntarily leave the company, or an internal turnover, where the employee is promoted to a higher position (Mathis & Jackson, 2006). Database administrators usually work alone and it is a very specific job that its job description is basically about how to enter and update information in the company’s database and based on this, I deduced t he former employee of the company I was setting my eyes on resigned. Voluntary resignations often occur because of the need for better paying jobs, job dissatisfaction, disagreement with the management and a whole lot more. However, it would be too much of me to think so far ahead about the reasons why the former database administrator left; it’s the case of counting the rotten eggs even before finding the hen.I was in the middle of my thoughts when I realized that I was not yet working on the program. So I proceeded to install the program on my computer and scanned the guidebook to familiarize myself with the icons and the layout of the interface. Setting up the program on my computer was easy; I followed the instructions carefully and installed the software tutor to help me. Then, I had the book of instructions and proceeded to punch out some commands and clicked on the icons on the screen in front of me. Then after 10 minutes, I realized I was not learning anything!I could not make heads or tails about what the program was about really, and it was like a tangle of senseless letters and numbers. Besides, my head was spinning from straining my eyes at the monitor and then looking at the guide book and asking help from the program tutor. In this predicament, I found myself looking back at the human resource management theories that I took up this semester at the university. HR concepts and theories are actually valuable instruments that would help organizations become productive (Ulrich& Brockbank, 2005)I remembered that motivating people to learn something new or to have them attend skills training is one of the most difficult tasks that an HR manager have to face. Research had found that employees willingly attend trainings and workshops since it would free them from their daily work routines, however, whether they learn anything from it or not has not been established (Kraiger & Ford, 2006). Although, researchers agree that an employee who have posit ive attitudes towards the training program would likely benefit more from the training while a negative attitude towards the training sessions would mean that the possibility of learning has already been blocked. Designing an effective training program should be based on motivation theories and adult learning.Motivation theories indicate that in order for the individual to accomplish a task, the goal itself should be one that the individual values (Mathis & Jackson, 2006). This would mean that the training should be one that is related to the work tasks of the employee and that it could be perceived as an opportunity for growth and development. Training activities should also be designed to provide opportunities for the participants to succeed and feel that they are competent, thus, if the skills training is about making performance evaluation instruments then the participants could be asked to make their own instrument and input can be given in how to make performance evaluations w hich would either validate the participants skills or teach them new ones.The needs theory of motivation also says that trainings should answer a need; this means that the employee will perceive the training as personally important to him/her if it satisfies a need. The need for growth, for achievement, for competence and for affiliation is answered by training programs. When an employee is required to attend a training workshop, it tells him that the company wants him to become better at his job, that they care about his personal quest for professional growth, and that the company is looking after their employees (Pfeffer &  Veiga, 1999). Aside from motivation, a key factor in effective training programs is adult learning theories.The effectiveness of trainings and workshops is measured by the amount of skills transferred from the training to the actual job (Kraiger & Aguinis, 2001). However, literature says that training effectiveness in terms of learning transfer has not been a dequately studied due to the difficulty of monitoring learning in the workplace. Adult learning theories suggests that adults learn experientially, that is by doing and applying what is being taught (Nkomo, Fottler & McAfee, 2005). Thus, if the skills being taught are customer service courtesy, it would be more effective if the skill is taught using role playing techniques and applying it to real life situations than if it was just taught using lectures.Moreover, learning happens in a continuum, one being effective learning and remembering and the other is end is forgetting and decay. Thus, trainings should be given periodically, it should not be a one-shot deal where you would expect that everything is learned and that it should not be repeated (Salas,  Cannon ­Bowers,  Rhodenizer  &  Bowers, 1999), however it makes no sense to train employees on something that they do not need or one that is not relevant to their jobs. After, this musings and theoretical exercise, I went back to my database program and begun learning it in a different approach.First off, I delegated a time for my learning schedule that is on the same time everyday, then I chose between the guide book or the tutor to help me since using both would be confusing and exhausting. From what I learned on adult learning, the training session should be interactive, one that I can work on and see concrete results or outputs, so settled for the tutor and ditched the guidebook. Second, on my first session, I read the introductory part of the program and had the tutorial run to give an overview of the program, because the HR texts said one must first understand what the training is for and where it could be used to make the person’s job easier or more meaningful.The tutorial was interactive so I got to associate the different commands with its specific functions and I remembered it easily because I could visualize the icon, no wonder programs have icons, it makes the manipulation of the program simpler. After several tutorials I then proceeded to work on the program on my own, I printed the sample exercises and then proceeded to work on the database using the exercises and if I could not make sense of it, I then asked the tutor for help.The best thing about the activities was that it worked on an actual data, although it was fictitious, I had something to work with and could treat them as real. What was gratifying was that every time I was able to complete an exercise and produce the output exactly as it was presented in the training program, I felt I accomplished something and I was sure that I was really learning. At present, I am still on the third chapter but it has been a good run, and that job application seems to be on the positive side since many of those who applied are also not familiar with the program.ReferencesKraiger, K. & Ford, J. K. (2006). The expanding role of workplace training: Themes and trendsinfluencing training research and practice.   In L. L. Koppes (Ed.), Historical perspectives in industrial and organizational psychology.   Mahwah, NJ:   Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Kraiger, K. & Aguinis, H. (2001). Training effectiveness: Assessing training needs, motivation,and accomplishments.   In M. London (Ed.), How people evaluate others in organizations:   Person perception and interpersonal judgment in I/O psychology.Mathis, R. & Jackson, J. (2006). Human resource management 11th   ed. Boston:Thomson/Southwestern.Newell, H. & Scarborough, H. (2002). HRM in Context – A Case Study Approach. London:Palgrave.Nkomo, S.,   Fottler, M. & McAfee, R. (2005). Applications in human resource management:Cases, Exercises, and Skill Builders 5th   ed. Boston: Thomson/Southwestern.Pfeffer,  J.,  &  Veiga,  J.F.  Ã‚  (1999).  Ã‚  Putting  people   first  for  organizational  success.   Academy  ofManagement  Executive,  13,  37 ­48.Salas,  E.,  Cannon ­Bowers,  J.,  Rhodeniz er,  L.,  &  Bowers,  C.  (1999).  Training  inorganizations:  Myths,  misconceptions,  and  mistaken  assumptions.  Research  in  Personneland  Human  Resources  Management,  17, 123 ­161.Ulrich, D.& Brockbank, W. (2005). The HR Value Proposition. Boston: Harvard BusinessSchool Press.

U Got Screwed essays

U Got Screwed essays Kissimmee River System Past and Present Thirty years ago, the Army Corps of Engineers in partnership with the State of Florida began construction of a massive flood control project on the Kissimmee River in south central Florida. The flood control solution was the channelization of the river, converting its 103 plus miles of shallow, meandering river channel and floodplain to a geometric, essentially straight as an arrow. Historically, the Kissimmee River meandered approximately 103 miles within a one to two mile floodplain. The floodplain, approximately 56 miles long, sloped gradually to the south from an elevation of about 51 feet at lake Kissimmee to about 15 feet at lake Okeechobee; falling an average of about one third of a foot in elevation over each mile of the river. Under historic condition, river flows generally exceeded 250 cubic feet per second 95 percent of the time, while over bank flooding occurred when flows exceeded 1,400 cfs in the upper reaches to 2,000 cfs in the lower reaches. It is important to recognize at the outset that the 1961-71-flood control work on the Kissimmee River was a continuation of past federal concerns and the development of the river that began with the construction of federal law. George Orwell was not only a writer, but also an important political reformer. Orwell was born in India in 1903. He considered his family a "lower-middle class" family. He said this because his family was a part of the middle class, but had little money. His father worked for the British government and was able to be apart of the middle class without money. Orwell lived in Britain and went to boarding school there on scholarships. He was the poorest student among many wealthy children. Orwell felt like an outsider at the boarding schools he went to. The students were all kept in line by beatings. This was Orwell's first taste of dictatorship, being helpless under the rule of an ...

Aims And Objectives Of Primark Economics Essay

Aims And Objectives Of Primark Economics Essay In June 1969, the first Penney’s store opened in Mary Street, Dublin. Within a year, four more stores were added – all in the Greater Dublin area. In 1971, the first large store outside Dublin was opened in Cork and by the end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. Move into Great Britain By 1973, the number of stores had reached 18 in Ireland and Primark began trading in Great Britain with four out-of-town stores. The following year saw the opening of the first UK High Street stores in Derby and Bristol. In the next ten years, 18 stores were added in the UK and nine in Ireland, bringing the number of stores in the UK and Ireland to 22 each. Also in 1984, the first multiple acquisition took place with the purchase in Ireland of five Woolworth stores. PRIMARK OBJECTIVES AND AIMS To provide good quality products for the public; we want the public to realize we are a good company and just because our products are cheap, it doesnâ₠¬â„¢t mean that they are rubbish. We will achieve this by having our products made by people that know what they are doing and test them to check that they are good quality. To sell goods at reasonable prices; We want the public to have a wide range of options to them, so we offer them good quality products at reasonable prices; This will be achieved by looking at other stores, selling similar products, and making our prices lower than other places. To be friendly and helpful towards customers and staff; The public need to think that we are a friendly company; this will make them want to come to our store if they feel welcome. We will achieve this by greeting customers as soon as possible and making them feel welcomed. To treat everybody the same; The public need to feel like we treat everybody the same. The people with less money will be treated the same as people that have lots of money. PRIMARK’s AGM is the most important opportunity this year to put pressure on PRIMARK. T his annual shareholder meeting is when important decisions get made regarding PRIMARK’s policies and procedures. It is PRIMARK’s shareholders who take home the lion’s share of PRIMARK’s profits and who have the power to make PRIMARK introduce policies and procedures that will ensure the lives of workers are put ahead of PRIMARK’s pursuit of profits. So join us on Friday 5 December from 10.30 onwards to make your voice heard. We have seen how fearful PRIMARK is of us publicly shaming them, so please help us make sure their shareholders deliver justice to the workers making PRIMARK clothes.It beggars belief that PRIMARK has been caught on the back foot again. Just five months on from the BBC exposà © that highlighted the appalling conditions faced by Indian workers producing clothes for the famous high street store and PRIMARK has yet again been caught out disrespecting these workers. Join us on 5 December to hammer the nail in PRIMARK’s ethi cal coffin.

Value Chain Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Value Chain - Term Paper Example The company aims to achieve its mission and vision by fulfilling the needs of varied customers spread at different locations globally. The company ensures that it provides the best quality products at the best and affordable prices which are further accompanied with best services within the industry (Ashley Furniture Industries Inc, â€Å"A Proud History and Poised for a Formidable Future†). Thesis Statement The paper critically identifies the value chain activities practiced by Ashley Furniture Industries, Inc and briefly recommends on various core areas of the company in relation to value chain. Value Chain and Ashley Furniture The term ‘Value Chain’ was first coined by Michel Porter in his famous book ‘Competitive Advantage’ in 1985. The analysis of value chain identifies the activities performed by an organization and further relates them with the organization’s competitive strengths. Porter identifies primary and secondary activities as th e two major activities essential for value chain analysis. He further grouped the primary activities into five sub-heads including inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and services which are concerned with the value creation as well as delivery of products. Similarly, secondary activities are also grouped into four sub-heads namely, human resource management, technology development, infrastructure and procurement. The secondary activities help organizations to enhance the efficiency and the effectiveness of the overall organizational operations (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, â€Å"The Value Chain†). The basic model of value chain is being represented below: Source: (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, â€Å"The Value Chain†) Primary Activities Inbound Logistics Ashley Furniture aims to produce world class durable furniture in attractive designs and affordable prices. Furthermore, the comp any ensures that by no means are its product qualities compromised; and customers receive value for their investment made in terms of durable and finished products. The company has partnered with best class suppliers for the supply of a variety of components required for the manufacturing of the furniture products. In addition to this, the company has the largest air-ride truck fleet in the industry which can be evident on the highways of Wisconsin (Wisconsin Manufactures and Commerce, â€Å"BPES-Ashley Furniture†). The tractors involved in the transportation of required components for the manufacturing process are equipped with auxiliary power units that result in less consumption of fuel almost by 10 percent. Additionally, the company is also striving to procure materials locally in order to reduce the cost of transportation and thereby offer its products at affordable prices to its discriminating customers (Ashley Furniture Industries, Inc, â€Å"Ashley World Class Furnit ure Company†). Operations Ashley Furniture has more than 250 acres operating space for manufacturing and distribution throughout the world. It has the biggest casegoods production related plant in the United States. The company sells furniture in more than 123 countries around the globe. The major regional manufacturing and

Sweatshops And Violation Of Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sweatshops And Violation Of Human Rights - Essay Example The opponents of sweatshops argue that under no circumstance, the rights and dignity of human beings should be violated by exploiting poor people’s labor and forcing them to work under dangerous conditions at low wages. On the other hand, proponents assert that without jobs in sweatshops, there are only far worse alternatives such as prostitution, crime, or even starvation. Are sweatshops and slave labor acceptable or even justifiable? In most ways, considering moral judgments, the answer would be a conclusive no; however, it also depends on the economic and cultural contexts of individuals and countries, making it acceptable in some ways. Stopping the poorest people from working in dangerous environments as an excuse for protecting them from low wages, hazardous circumstances, and abuses are not the ultimate solution for them; instead, they should be provided with better choices and alternatives that would eventually allow them and their country to stand on their own feet. When it comes to the matter of slave labor or sweatshops, it is difficult to determine precisely what sweatshops actually mean. The U.S. General Accounting Office defines a sweatshop as â€Å"an employer that violates more than one federal or state law governing minimum wage and overtime, child labor, industrial homework, occupational safety and health, workers compensation, or industry regulation.† However, it seems very unreasonable and unrealistic to apply this standard to people in poor countries, as they have a very low standard of living and are desperately in need of jobs to sustain their daily livelihood. Hence, it is vital to understand the concept of sweatshops from their point of view, to ascertain what they actually need to survive, and what can practically benefit them in the long term. Opponents of sweatshops believe that buying products from sweatshops is immoral.

Ethnic study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnic study - Essay Example This is because man is a giver and female is a receiver in a sexual encounter .However, homosexuality has been succumbed to many prejudices and arguments, but still it continued to persist as an ever forbidden pleasure for male population. Men have always dominated sexual rights, and women were restricted and tabooed from experiencing sexual activities like men do. Men have been given more opportunity to explore their sexual desires whereas women have been condemned from following her whims and fancies about sex. It was considered natural for men to practice any means to satisfy his sexual needs as it was his utmost biological or physiological need. However the author, Mathew Guttman considered that such outward sexual fantasies of men have led to the practice of homosexuality among them which led to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. â€Å"The notions of â€Å"men natural sexual desires† were blamed for a host of health problems like AIDS on Oaxaca†(Guttmann ,3). It is a common perception that all men carry same sexual desires and wants and all want to have sexual encounter with women in order to reach pleasure and satisfaction. But the fact is different, as various men indulge in different sexual acts with different gender to accomplish their sexual fetishes. They predominantly are sexual beings, and their needs are more connected to the body than mind, and, want their urges to be met invariable of the sexual object of desire. According to the author, men are not heterosexual always as most people think, many keeps a secret sexuality of themselves which they tend to explore in hides -out or darkness. Birth Control Issue Birth control is practiced among Mexican families for the main objective of restricting the birth of children and to give men more chances of indulging in sexual pleasures. Since generations, women have been given contraceptive methods to stop themselves from getting pregnant. In Mexico, men are more concerned about the reproductive health and sexuality and birth control measures are taken keeping in mind these two said factors. â€Å"It is just too obvious that much of the decision making – about what birth control methods , about what antiretroviral treatment for people with HIV and AIDS, are available – take place in boardrooms of pharmaceutical companies of Basel, Switzerland and New Jersey†(Gutmann,14).This shows that the men and women have little control on the birth control decision making and they depend on foreigners and medical specialist for this purpose. The main issue regarding gaining information on sterilization among Oaxaca men is tedious. Most of them men are deceitful when it comes to explaining the real reason behind their choice of sterilization. However, most men resort to sterilization for not taxing women’s health too much as they are the one who always get succumbed to contraceptive methods and techniques in earlier tiems. The men even want to ha ve more sexual experience with women and if they are sterilized they can engage in sex with female partners more frequently and carelessly. The medicalization of men sexuality, is another major concern of Mexican nation. The author here means that, sexual activities and phenomena of men in Mexico should be a subject of concern among the health care reforms and medical centers. They should study why men are infected with HIV and should stop the widespread of disease across the

Individual Reflection Report On A Business Plan

Individual Reflection Report On A Business Plan The following reflective journal has been produced by me as a work that redirects my business plan that has been prepared by my group of five members. The main reason for writing the journal is to reflect my work and my role as a team member while undertaking the research for business plan. Other purpose of preparing the report is to present my personal records and include my thoughts and experiences that I have achieved during the project work. The MBA administration of the university instructed me to write an individual reflective journal on business plan that must be critical and analytical. I have ensured it is written to reflect on my work which will also enable the examiners to understand my achievements as an individual and as a member of a team. It will also provide help for supervisors to appreciate my role as a person who can confidently research, gather information, critically analyse, report and present. I have tried my best to be as specific as possible to make this refl ective report as a persuasive essay arguing on behalf of myself. This journal also includes information of research sources, my use of ideas and critical thinking to develop my awareness of the context in which I work. Along with the above mentioned areas, I have described my role as a tackler of a situation, as an important member of a team and as a person who approached any issues and challenges to reflection sheet with confidence and enthusiasm. Also included in this journal are understanding of relevant theories, problem solving, synthesis, strategic analysis, and explaining how I built upon and applied knowledge from taught modules. It has been ensured by me that wok structure must follow section headings and recognise marking scheme. Language is deliberately kept concise and the work is presented taking into account the school guidelines. Problem solving The MBA administration has allocated in a team of five students (including me). The task given to us to work on was a business plan concerning launching a business in Wales. The team members for this task were Ram Lakshmankumar Konda, Soto Santiago, James Joji and Yuvraj Singh. The business we chose to launch in Cardiff was Spectrum International Travel Agency (SITA) which offers services in corporate and commercial traveling. SITA is a partnership firm comprised of five partners with equal shares with a start-up capital of  £400,000. We planned to launch the business in the month of April, 2011 with a star-up capital of 400000 pounds jointly invested by partners who have equal shares and equal voting rights. The assignment required us to make a plan consisting of data regarding marketing, human resource and financial aspects of the contemporary management studies. In this journal I reflected upon my individual experiences as well as an influential member of a team explaining events such as planning, gathering data, analysing, reporting and presenting what I saw, I heard my hypotheses and my conclusions. I also evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of what was observed. I was selected to be within a team of five members that have already been mentioned above. Although I specifically asked the supervisor to form a team with my friends but the teams were allocated randomly by the management. I was lucky that one of my close friends was on my team. The remaining team members have already had good contacts with me as they were my colleagues and classmates. My initial objections faded away once I started working with my friendly natured team members. All of us were motivated, determined and enthusiastic of completing the business plan. We met for an initial meeting and decided on the type of a business. I was quite influential as for my managerial background and practical experience in marketing and financial pathway. My team members recognised this and realised my natural leadership qualities. It was not difficult for us to select the business type. After careful consideration and brainstorming ideas with members, we managed to come up with a brilliant plan. Luck was on our side as our team members had different study backgrounds and I was naturally multi-skilled. It proved easy for us to divide the tasks according to our strengths. Once tasks were assigned and potential barriers to search identified, we consulted on how to maximize our strengths to reduce our weaknesses, and how to exploit the possible opportunities and remove threats. After that we constantly held meetings to discuss our progress and consult each other to improve our work. We continuously stayed in touch with each other via audio video conferencing and of course mobile phones. Being students from different cultures caused some tensions and some problems such as little understanding of each others ideas, lack of knowledge of some business management areas and conflict in decision making process. I again proved prominent and persuasive and managed to resolve all the issues harmoniously. Disagreements among team members were resolved and we worked together pleasantly. As a contemporary business management student, I had an idea due to my studies that the team capability is superior to the collective abilities of the individuals within it. I learned that working in a friendly environment make the job easier for team. Combined strengths can be utilized if team members work jointly in committed and motivated stance. Apart from problems mentioned above, my team faced some problems such as lack of knowledge in some areas, lack of experience in conducting research, lack of ability to analyse critically, and critical of each other work. We managed to resolve these i ssues professionally. As a team member my learning experience grew as I learned that team becomes a success when members work jointly to create a synergy. When team members know how to be more effective together, synergy happens and greater organizational success is achieved. The lessons that I have learnt being in a team are very crucial and I understood its significance. People bring their unique skills, knowledge and experience which when used in combination with skills and knowledge of other team members, helps in creating a synergy that positively effects the operations and functions of the team. This happened in my situation. Every member was motivated and worked with passion and determination. Increasing the strength of each team member produced greater team success and results. I understood that that collective strengths of team could tackle any problem we face. Knowledge and Understanding By actually participating in a joint research project, I understood the importance of team theory in practice. It provided me confidence to relate the theoretical study with my research. I acknowledged my roles and responsibilities by working effectively working in a team. My communication and coordination skills improved considerably. During the work, I have appreciated the idea of working together to achieve the common goal. I have learned that effective team working is the key to success when there are limited time and resources. Different point of views can be brought forward which could help in effective decision making. I found the energy of group participation made me feel more energetic about contributing something. The thing that helped me understand the approach of my team members is the constant contact and consultation with them. It also assisted me to learn and understand their ideas and experiences. Working with team on a business plan has helped me equip myself with cr itical and analytical skills to make an official report. I felt more skilled in searching various data sources and in using variety of research tools techniques and methods to conduct a research. The proposed business plan concentrated on marketing strategies of the company before during and after launch of its business. It focused upon the areas of market penetration, market segmentation and marketing growth. It also included finding out market trend and demand of the consumers. I forecast market share and business revenues using assumptions and financial projections. The companys approach was to recognise the importance of consumer service, facilities, ambience, and projection technology and operational benefits. I managed to educate myself practically with the knowledge of applying wide range of marketing models and techniques in business plan. It helped me to formulate strategic aim and objectives of the start up company. The reason of conducting the research was to identify and establish potential market and also to collect valid and reliable data. I understood the importance of critically analysing market information and data related to potential customers before entering the market. I studied to carry out market analysis; learned about market size and forecast; its share, trends and behaviour. I also assessed competitors and their strategies, targeted market segments, analysed our business core competencies and critical success factors; marketing and costing strategies. This business plan also assisted me in projecting financial position and reports along with knowledge of staffing and resourcing for business. Synthesis Despite dividing the tasks according to our strengths, we still faced issues. Although all problems were resolved properly but I would still like to change my future approach a little. I would definitely focus on time management and issues regarding motivation and interest. The areas I need improvements are my skills of critical thinking and analysing and assessing the market. I would also try to encourage positive criticism so that team members could improve their work. Experience gained from this project will definitely help to improve the above mentioned areas in the future. There are some factors that developed my understanding and improved knowledge. I learnt to conduct the research practically which were taught theoretically in workshops and lectures during my study in the university. Meetings provided facilitation in problem solving and strategic planning. These also helped me in decision making and working in a team. Analysis and Evaluation It was expected from a student studying master in business administration to think and analyse critically. The lectures I have taken during my studies and the courses that I have attended provided a great help in applying marketing tools and techniques to my research. These also assisted me applying theories into practical scenario. I gained bot theoretical and practical knowledge. I applied my studied knowledge of the books; journals and coursework make and plan a strategy for the company. Models e.g. Porters generic strategies, McKenzie 7s model, Porters five forces model and Ansoffs growth model, have been applied successfully. The knowledge from the lectures helped me search various data sources. The effective use of theoretical knowledge in practical scenario proved helpful in understanding the business plan. I applied a number of marketing theories to advance my knowledge of the business plan. I steadily built my practical experience upon the theoretical knowledge. Theory taugh t me the ways to carry out research; I practically collected data on filed. Theory taught me various ways of measuring the data; I practically applied some in financial projection; Theory explained how to apply different models; I managed to use these theories according to my situation and constructed a whole report. After successfully completing the project, I learned to better argue, use facts and examples and debate efficiently on management issues. The business plan helped me to be good, confident, cooperative and effective team member. My researching skills increased considerably. Now I can use different research which can help me in future research process. It taught me to create a conclusive argument, present the paper clearer and arguments more apparent. Collecting data, analysing it, writing it in a proper format and presenting it to the board has given me a sense of achievement and pride. In comparison to my own skills before working on this project I did make a lot of progress. I personally feel that business plan is more feasible as it helped me understand not just to applying critical thinking and analysing the information but to use the theory into practice. It helps the students getting management experience and applying what they have learnt in their lectures and workshops.

Free Essays - An Impression of An Essay on Man :: Alexander Pope Essay on Man

An Impression of An Essay on Man  Ã‚   The beautiful poetry of Alexander Pope in "An Essay on Man," has many deep meanings in it, but they are almost always hard to find if you only read through it once. Only by reading it several times and taking it apart, line by line, can you truly understand everything that pope is trying to get you to understand. Separated into ten stanzas, each one stating a clear part of his argument, and all relating to his main purpose of showing mankind that God is superior to all, and everything is for reason. I have paraphrased the first stanza as follows: First of all, we can only understand what we already know about God and man. For man, we see only his place on earth, and that isn’t much to reason with or refer to when compared to God’s knowledge. While God knows of infinite amounts of worlds, he is the only God that we know of. God, who can see everything, who can create a universe with many other worlds, who knows how our solar system works, who knows what other suns with planets there are, who knows what types of people live on those planets around every sun, He knows why we are made the way we are. But in this frame of mind, with all of the ways we are connected to God, or ties, strong connections, dependencies and gradations, have you really looked through your soul, or is only part of the truth enough for you? Is the Great Chain of Being, which everybody agrees on and many people support, something that God planned, or was it created by man? This first stanza is showing mankind that, while we claim to know the way everything works, we really don’t know anything in comparison to God. The first line in the second epistle, "On the Nature and State of Man With Respect to Himself, as an Individual," is, "Know then thyself, presume not God to scan; The proper study of mankind is Man." This line is saying that we have to know ourselves, we can’t just assume that God will tell us, and that the only way we can know about mankind is to first know about ourselves. Free Essays - An Impression of An Essay on Man :: Alexander Pope Essay on Man An Impression of An Essay on Man  Ã‚   The beautiful poetry of Alexander Pope in "An Essay on Man," has many deep meanings in it, but they are almost always hard to find if you only read through it once. Only by reading it several times and taking it apart, line by line, can you truly understand everything that pope is trying to get you to understand. Separated into ten stanzas, each one stating a clear part of his argument, and all relating to his main purpose of showing mankind that God is superior to all, and everything is for reason. I have paraphrased the first stanza as follows: First of all, we can only understand what we already know about God and man. For man, we see only his place on earth, and that isn’t much to reason with or refer to when compared to God’s knowledge. While God knows of infinite amounts of worlds, he is the only God that we know of. God, who can see everything, who can create a universe with many other worlds, who knows how our solar system works, who knows what other suns with planets there are, who knows what types of people live on those planets around every sun, He knows why we are made the way we are. But in this frame of mind, with all of the ways we are connected to God, or ties, strong connections, dependencies and gradations, have you really looked through your soul, or is only part of the truth enough for you? Is the Great Chain of Being, which everybody agrees on and many people support, something that God planned, or was it created by man? This first stanza is showing mankind that, while we claim to know the way everything works, we really don’t know anything in comparison to God. The first line in the second epistle, "On the Nature and State of Man With Respect to Himself, as an Individual," is, "Know then thyself, presume not God to scan; The proper study of mankind is Man." This line is saying that we have to know ourselves, we can’t just assume that God will tell us, and that the only way we can know about mankind is to first know about ourselves.